Kaziranga
UNESCO natural World Heritage property since 1985; inscribed property 42,996 hectares.
State dossier 04 · Assam
Assam since Independence.
A boundary-aware public record of constitutional government, territorial reorganisation, elections, people, economy, heritage, nature, civic movements and accountability.
Comparison rule: historic Assam included territories that later formed Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. Every population, economy and election comparison must retain the boundary applicable to its year.
126Assembly constituencies
14Lok Sabha constituencies
31,205,576Census 2011 population
3UNESCO World Heritage properties
Territorial record
Modern Assam emerged through repeated separation.
1947–1951Most of Sylhet joined East Pakistan; Dewangiri was ceded to Bhutan
1963–1972Nagaland became a State; Meghalaya separated; Mizoram and Arunachal became Union Territories
1987Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh attained Statehood
Chief Ministers and constitutional administration
| Chief Minister / administration | Exact period | Party / status |
|---|---|---|
| Gopinath Bordoloi | 11 Feb 1946–6 Aug 1950 | INC |
| Bishnu Ram Medhi | 9 Aug 1950–27 Dec 1957 | INC |
| Bimala Prasad Chaliha | 28 Dec 1957–6 Nov 1970 | INC |
| Mohendra Mohan Choudhry | 11 Nov 1970–30 Jan 1972 | INC |
| Sarat Chandra Singha | 31 Jan 1972–12 Mar 1978 | INC |
| Golap Borbora | 12 Mar 1978–4 Sep 1979 | Janata coalition |
| Jogendra Nath Hazarika | 9 Sep–11 Dec 1979 | Janata |
| President’s Rule | 12 Dec 1979–5 Dec 1980 | Article 356 |
| Anowara Taimur | 6 Dec 1980–30 Jun 1981 | INC |
| President’s Rule | 1 Jul 1981–12 Jan 1982 | Article 356 |
| Kesab Chandra Gogoi | 13 Jan–19 Mar 1982 | INC |
| President’s Rule | 20 Mar 1982–26 Feb 1983 | Article 356 |
| Hiteswar Saikia | 27 Feb 1983–23 Dec 1985 | INC |
| Prafulla Kumar Mahanta | 24 Dec 1985–28 Nov 1990 | AGP |
| President’s Rule | 28 Nov 1990–30 Jun 1991 | Article 356 |
| Hiteswar Saikia | 30 Jun 1991–22 Apr 1996 | INC |
| Bhumidhar Barman | 22 Apr–14 May 1996 | INC |
| Prafulla Kumar Mahanta | 15 May 1996–17 May 2001 | AGP alliance |
| Tarun Gogoi | 17 May 2001–24 May 2016 | INC |
| Sarbananda Sonowal | 24 May 2016–10 May 2021 | BJP-led alliance |
| Himanta Biswa Sarma | 10 May 2021–11 May 2026 | BJP-led NDA; first ministry |
| Himanta Biswa Sarma | 12 May 2026–present | BJP-led NDA; second ministry |
Governors since Independence
| Governor | Official tenure |
|---|---|
| M. S. A. Hydari | 15 Aug 1947–28 Dec 1948 |
| Ronald F. Lodge | 30 Dec 1948–16 Feb 1949 · acting |
| Sri Prakasa | 16 Feb 1949–27 May 1950 |
| Jairamdas Daulatram | 27 May 1950–15 May 1956 |
| Saiyid Fazal Ali | 15 May 1956–22 Aug 1959 |
| C. P. Sinha | 23 Aug–14 Oct 1959 |
| S. M. Shrinagesh | 14 Oct 1959–12 Nov 1960; 13 Jan 1961–7 Sep 1962 |
| Vishnu Sahay | 12 Nov 1960–13 Jan 1961; 7 Sep 1962–17 Apr 1968 |
| B. K. Nehru | 17 Apr 1968–19 Sep 1973 |
| Justice P. K. Goswami | 8 Dec 1970–4 Jan 1971 · acting |
| L. P. Singh | 19 Sep 1973–10 Aug 1981 |
| Prakash Mehrotra | 10 Aug 1981–28 Mar 1984 |
| Justice T. S. Misra | 28 Mar–15 Apr 1984 |
| Bhishma Narain Singh | 15 Apr 1984–10 May 1989 |
| Harideo Joshi | 10 May–21 Jul 1989 |
| Justice A. Raghuvir | 21 Jul 1989–2 May 1990 |
| Justice D. D. Thakur | 2 May 1990–17 Mar 1991 |
| Loknath Misra | 17 Mar 1991–1 Sep 1997 |
| S. K. Sinha | 1 Sep 1997–21 Apr 2003 |
| Arvind Dave | 21 Apr–5 Jun 2003 |
| Ajai Singh | 5 Jun 2003–4 Jul 2008 |
| Shiv Charan Mathur | 4 Jul 2008–25 Jun 2009 |
| K. Sankaranarayanan | 26 Jun–27 Jul 2009 |
| Syed Sibtey Razi | 27 Jul–10 Nov 2009 |
| J. B. Patnaik | 11 Nov 2009–11 Dec 2014 |
| P. B. Acharya | Dec 2014–17 Aug 2016 |
| Banwarilal Purohit | 22 Aug 2016–10 Oct 2017 |
| Jagdish Mukhi | 10 Oct 2017–19 Feb 2023 |
| Gulab Chand Kataria | 22 Feb 2023–30 Jul 2024 |
| Lakshman Prasad Acharya | 30 Jul 2024–present |
GAD archive · Raj Bhavan. Acting and repeat periods are retained; Raj Bhavan controls the current office.
Cabinets and portfolios
Current ministry · 12 May 2026 onward
Himanta Biswa Sarma and Atul Bora, Rameswar Teli, Charan Boro and Ajanta Neog took office on 12 May. The Governor’s first allocation gave Teli Transformation & Development, Labour Welfare, Tea Tribes & Adivasi Welfare; Bora Panchayat & Rural Development, Assam Accord implementation, Border Protection & Development and Excise; Boro Transport and Welfare of Bodoland; and Neog Women & Child Development and Tourism. Twelve more ministers were inducted on 5 June; later official orders control reallocations.
2021–2026 dated roster
The 21 August 2024 official portfolio order records the Chief Minister plus Ashok Singhal, Atul Bora, Bimal Bora, Chandra Mohan Patowary, Jayanta Malla Baruah, Jogen Mohan, Keshab Mahanta, Pijush Hazarika, Ranjeet Kumar Dass, Ranoj Pegu, Sanjay Kishan, Urkhao Gwra Brahma, Ajanta Neog and Nandita Gorlosa.
Historical cabinet composition is controlled by dated Gazette, ministry and Assembly records; later allocations are never projected backward.
Assembly elections and parties
| Election(s) | Government-forming mandate | Context |
|---|---|---|
| 1951, 1957, 1962, 1967, 1972 | INC | Older territorial boundaries apply. |
| 1978 | Janata-led government | Coalition period. |
| 1983 | INC | Held during Assam Movement; ECI report supplies turnout and uncontested-seat context. |
| 1985 | AGP | First election after Assam Accord. |
| 1991 | INC | After President’s Rule. |
| 1996 | AGP-led alliance | Regional-party return. |
| 2001, 2006, 2011 | INC | Three Tarun Gogoi ministries. |
| 2016, 2021 | BJP-led alliance | BJP with regional allies. |
| 2026 | BJP 82; INC 19; BPF 10; AGP 10; AIUDF 2; others 3 | All 126 seats; ECI result portal. |
ECI provides constituency winners, candidates, electors, turnout, valid votes and party performance for all sixteen elections: 1951, 1957, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021 and 2026.
People, economy and development
| Measure | Verified figure | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 31,205,576 | Census 2011; latest completed count |
| Female / male population | 15,214,345 / 15,991,231 | Census 2011 |
| GSDP, 2023–24 | about ₹5.70 lakh crore | Current prices; CAG/DES series |
| Revenue balance, 2023–24 | ₹2,628.41 crore deficit | CAG post-audit figure |
| Fiscal deficit, 2023–24 | ₹20,854.69 crore; 3.66% of GSDP | CAG audited accounts |
| Fiscal deficit, 2024–25 | 4.43% of GSDP | CAG 2026 report; 3.50% target |
| Outstanding liabilities, 2024–25 | 26.84% of GSDP | CAG 2026 report |
GSDP is not credited to a Chief Minister because years overlap. Price basis and actual/estimate status always remain visible.
Heritage, culture and nature
Manas
UNESCO natural World Heritage property since 1985; 39,100 hectares and core of the wider tiger reserve.
Charaideo Moidams
Inscribed in 2024. The property contains 90 Ahom mound burials under ASI and State protection.
Designation rule
National park, sanctuary, tiger reserve, biosphere reserve, Ramsar site, ASI monument and UNESCO property are separate legal labels.
Kaziranga · Manas · Moidams · Forest Department.
Civic movements and accords
| Record | Demand / actors | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Official-language movement, 1960 | Competing Assamese- and Bengali-language claims | Assam Official Language Act, 1960 and later safeguards. |
| Assam Movement, 1979–1985 | AASU and AAGSP agitation over detection and treatment of foreigners on electoral rolls | Assam Accord signed 15 Aug 1985; 1985 election and AGP government followed. |
| Bodo movement and accords | Phased autonomy and territorial demands by Bodo organisations | 1993, 2003 and 2020 accords; the 2020 settlement established the BTR framework, not a separate State. |
Audits and public accountability
| Record | Label | Scope |
|---|---|---|
| CAG State Finances 2024–25, Report 2 of 2026 | Financial audit | Revenue deficit ₹3,090.85 crore; fiscal deficit 4.43% of GSDP; liabilities 26.84%. |
| CAG Report 4 of 2025 | Performance/compliance audit | Social, economic and general sectors, including construction-worker welfare. |
| CAG Report 5 of 2025 | Revenue compliance audit | Four audit paragraphs; observations are not criminal convictions. |
| CAG Report 4 of 2024 | PSU audit | State public-enterprise governance and finance. |
Audit observation, allegation, inquiry, investigation, charge, trial, conviction, acquittal, closure and appeal are never conflated.
Source ledger
Leadership: GAD and Raj Bhavan · Boundaries: Archives, Parliament and India Code · Cabinets: Parliamentary Affairs · Elections: ECI and Form 20 · Population: Census India · Economy: DES and CAG · Heritage: UNESCO, ASI and State Archaeology · Nature: Forest Department, MoEFCC and NTCA · Movements: signed accords, Acts and MHA · Accountability: CAG, courts and authorised agencies. Checked 2 September 2026.